All blood vessels are specifically structured to perform their function. For example, a capillary is microscopically thin to allow gases to exchange, the arteries are tough and flexible to cope ...

Blood vessels leading into and out of the heart There are four main blood vessels that take blood into and out of the heart. The aorta is the largest artery in the body. It carries oxygenated ...

However, existing BBB models have been unable to replicate the complex three-dimensional 3D structure of cerebral blood vessels, posing significant challenges for research and drug development.

But in clinical trials, drugs, especially cancer therapies, often fail. That may be because cancer models are inadequate and do not reliably replicate the tumor environment. Neuroscientist Ronit ...

Previously, researchers studied the effects of snake venom on blood vessels by using cultured endothelial cells, the cells that make up the wall of vessels. However, these so-called static models fail ...