Astigmatism has both a magnitude and a direction, or axis, unlike spherical refractive error, which lacks orientation. Because of the deleterious effect of astigmatism on vision, modern ...

A machine learning model using treated astigmatism and other nuanced inputs can significantly improve the accuracy and personalization of arcuate keratotomy planning ...

Cataract surgery is converging with refractive surgery. Correction of astigmatism during cataract surgery: on axis corneal incision, peripheral corneal relaxing incisions and toric IOL are options ...

The lenses will be available for myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism. The FDA approved ... lenses ranges from –1 D to –3.5 D, with an axis from 5° to 180° in 5° steps. The lenses are 60% ...