As a result, Black Creeks and their descendants ... obligated by treaty to enroll individuals as citizens who are not Creek Indians.” David Hill, the principal chief of the Muscogee (Creek ...

our government does not distinguish citizens by any racial categorization such as “Black Creeks." Whatever else we may be, we are all direct descendants of Creek Indians and Creek by blood and ...

they were considered members of the tribe. Rhonda is now a founding member of the Muscogee Creek Indian Freedmen Band, a group of Black people working to preserve their families’ connection to ...

The Creek Nation adopted chattel slavery as a strategic ... "So a lot of it was what they think an Indian or Black person looks like and acts like." No matter their actual ancestry, light-skinned ...

Creeks of African descent are fighting for tribal recognition. In a press conference at 3:30 p.m. on Tuesday, Black Creeks and their legal team will discuss misconduct in the Muscogee (Creek ...

Mr. Wilson is one sixty-fourth Creek Indian. Mr. Hill is a citizen of the Cherokee Nation through ancestors called Freedmen — Black people who were enslaved by Native tribes. Because Mr. Hill ...

Indians have reason to exclude Americans ... white supremacy is the causal force that drives the histories he presents; telling Black Creek stories today can help us see the American racial ...

Black Indians joined the Union or Confederate armies ... huge portions of their land to the government. On the Muscogee (Creek) Nation, there were once three “colored” tribal towns that ...

OKLAHOMA CITY — A judge for the Muscogee (Creek) Nation in Oklahoma ruled in favor of citizenship for two descendants of Black slaves once owned by tribal members, potentially paving the way for ...

TULSA, Okla. — Tulsa attorney Damario Solomon-Simmons presented his case in a hearing of summary judgment Thursday calling for justice for Black Creek Indians. He states this group is not ...