An element's atomic number defines it. An element with 17 protons will always be chlorine. However an element's mass numbers can vary, which means that it can have different numbers of neutrons.

The valency of an element is linked to how many electrons an atom must gain or lose to achieve the same electronic structure as a noble gas i.e., have a full outer shell. For example an element in ...

Everyone at that time imagined the atom as a "plum pudding ... emitted by the radioactive element radium) at a sheet of gold foil only 1/3000 of an inch thick, and tracing the particles' paths.

IN a letter to NATURE of November 25 last Dr. Norman Campbell discusses the problem of the possible consistency of the assumptions about the motion and arrangement of electrons in the atom ...