In the field of physical optics, a propagating light beam is referred to as a propagating electromagnetic radiation, with the direction of propagation being horizontal to the direction of the magnetic ...

In the field of physical optics, a propagating light beam is known as a propagating electromagnetic radiation, with the direction of propagation being horizontal to the direction of the electric and ...

Looking at a white field through a nicol, one sees a yellow figure, which can be described as a figure 8 perpendicular to the plane containing the electrical vector (direction of polarization).

Gilbert N. Lewis, On Four-Dimensional Vector Analysis, and Its Application in Electrical Theory, Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol. 46, No. 7 (Oct., 1910), pp. 165-181 ...