Major instability can lead to bank runs, hyperinflation, or a stock market crash. It can severely shake confidence in the financial and economic system. Firm-level stability measures A common measure ...

Policymakers are increasingly concerned that the benefits produced by financial intermediation and markets are not being spread widely enough throughout the population and across economic sectors, ...

Meanwhile, there’s another danger lurking in the background that may sow the seeds for the next financial shock ... Jamie Chisholm is a markets reporter based in London.