TimesMachine is an exclusive benefit for home delivery and digital subscribers. About the Archive This is a digitized version of an article from The Times’s print archive, before the start of ...

In 1860, Fort Sumter, the federal sea fortress guarding ... the fate of America," Larson said. At 4:30 a.m. on April 12, 1861, Confederate guns opened fire. Over two days, more than 3,300 shells ...

Hatcher gives us a good account of the protracted stand off over the fort (December 1860-April 1861). He then covers the bombardment and defense of Sumter, and its final surrender on April 14, 1861, ...

NEW-YORK, Tuesday, Feb. 26, 1861. To the Editor of the New-York ... DOUBLEDAY, published in this city, stating that "the men in Fort Sumter missed their smoking tobacco more than anything else." ...