and the sum of the protons and neutrons gives the atomic mass, the number of neutrons defines the isotope of that element. For example, most carbon (≈ 99 %) has 6 protons and 6 neutrons and is written ...

and the time it takes for one-half of a particular isotope to decay is its radioactive half-life. For example, about 1.5 percent of a quantity of Uranium 238 will decay to lead every 100 million ...

Are there any special safety concerns for any of these isotopes? (Example, tritiated water (3H2O) absorption through skin) Am I familiar with the experimental protocols for these isotopes? Have I been ...

Atomic nuclei with “magic numbers” of protons or neutrons in their nuclear shells are extremely stable. Nuclear physicists are especially interested in nuclei with doubly magic numbers—those that have ...

Oxygen, for example, has eight protons. However, the number of neutrons in an atom can vary, leading to different forms of ...

Deuterium, known as heavy hydrogen, is playing an increasingly important role, for example, in the development ... research is how to provide these isotopes in a highly pure form in an efficient ...

Stable isotopes can be used by measuring their amounts and proportions in samples, for example in water samples. Naturally-occurring stable isotopes of water and other substances are used to trace the ...