External and internal forcings: External forcing mechanisms involve agents acting from outside the climate system (e.g., Milankovitch cycles). Internal mechanisms operate within the climate system ...

Changes in Earth's orbit have helped pace climatic change for millennia. Scientists are now trying to understand whether - and how - these changes remodeled the landscapes our ancient ancestors ...

Back in 1824, a French physicist named Joseph Fourier made a breakthrough that would fundamentally change our understanding of how Earth's atmosphere works. He discovered the greenhouse effect, which ...