The nutcracker phenomenon results from a rare anatomic abnormality where the left renal vein (LRV) is compressed by the aorta and superior mesenteric artery. Nutcracker syndrome (NCS) is defined by ...

After it has been purified, the blood returns to the circulatory system through the renal vein. The kidneys produce urine and this helps maintain water balance. The urine is taken from the kidneys ...

These included two renal artery thromboses, one renal vein thrombosis and one superior mesenteric artery thrombosis. In subsequent animals, the addition of 100 units/kg heparin immediately before ...