If the Qp/Qs ratio reaches > 2, then clinical symptoms usually manifest. A ventricular septal defect produces a holosystolic murmur. Blood abnormally flows from the LV (high pressure) to the RV ...

The Voice presenter Emma Willis, 49, has had keyhole surgery after "48 years" not knowing she had a hole in her heart. The ...

Reproduced with permission from [10]. Congenital heart defects can include atrial septal defect, ventricular septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, coarctation of aorta and tetralogy of fallot.

Right ventricular hypertrophy Ventricular septal defect Overriding aorta (aorta ... of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, symptoms may be present at birth or delayed into early childhood.

After investigation, he was found to have a ventricular septal defect or VSD (hole in the heart) along with severe aortic regurgitation due to the prolapse of the aortic leaflet (caused by the ...