Astigmatism has both a magnitude and a direction, or axis, unlike spherical refractive error, which lacks orientation. Because of the deleterious effect of astigmatism on vision, modern ...

A machine learning model using treated astigmatism and other nuanced inputs can significantly improve the accuracy and ...

The lenses will be available for myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism. The FDA approved ... lenses ranges from –1 D to –3.5 D, with an axis from 5° to 180° in 5° steps. The lenses are 60% ...