Purpose To determine prevalence of refractive (RA), corneal (CA) and internal astigmatism (IA), including variation with gender and spherical equivalent refraction (SE), in a population of 12-year-old ...

Pinhole pupilloplasty is a simple and low-cost solution to restore vision in patients with highly aberrated corneas and can ...

Aim This 6 month prospective multi-centre study evaluated the feasibility of performing myopic femtosecond lenticule extraction (FLEx) through a small incision using the small incision lenticule ...

Using preoperative corneal topography to guide the approach, the cataract surgeon has several options to treat corneal astigmatism at the time of cataract surgery. By measuring the amount and axis ...

Ideally, they are in agreement on the amount and axis of the cylinder, but factors such as posterior corneal or lenticular astigmatism may cause disagreement.