Hieroglyphs dominated the landscape of the Egyptian civilisation ... Champollion focussed on a cartouche containing just four hieroglyphs: the first two symbols were unknown, but the repeated ...

The key to the puzzle was the fact that the Egyptian scribes wrote the names of royalty inside of a special symbol—a lozenge-like shape called a cartouche, which symbolizes the ring of a Pharoah.

It features a carving of a winged sun disk and a cartouche, or oval enclosing Egyptian hieroglyphs ... across the ancient world as tombstones or symbols of “dedication, commemoration and ...