THE ancient problem: To construct a Magic Square with sixteen consecutive integers, may be regarded as a special case of the general problem: To construct a Magic Square with any sixteen positive ...

Abstract. Fermat’s last theorem, had the statement that there are no natural numbers A, B, and C such that A n + B n = C n, in which n is a natural number greater than 2. We have shown that any ...

It had roots in a broader question, one that the mathematician Carl Friedrich Gauss considered to be among the most important in mathematics: how to distinguish a prime number (a number that is ...

In his senior year of high school, Daniel Larsen proved a key theorem about Carmichael numbers—strange entities that mimic the primes.

1. Historical Background. Pierre de Fermat wrote his friend Frénicle de Bessy in 1640 stating that he had discovered that a p − 1 ≡ 1 for prime moduli p, provided p did not divide a, but his proof was ...

Long before the Sudoku number puzzle became the crack cocaine of brain teasers, a bored Benjamin Franklin jotted down a couple of much more complex number puzzles of his own. But, exactly how the ...