For the red seaweed Gracilaria gracilis, which grows in scraggly clumps, this is a particular problem. Its male gametes, or spermatia, lack flexible flagella to propel them through the water.

Red seaweeds like Gracilaria are also ecologically important to their ecosystems and are touted as a globally sustainable food source, researchers said. More about Seaweed pollination.

MANILA, Philippines - Enriched noodles can be produced from scraps of milkfish and Gracilaria seaweed. This product has been developed by Aurora Afalla, a researcher of the Don Mariano Marcos ...