Some of you might have seen the flags on the buses ... Valdemar grew up at the imperial court in Aachen (Aix-La-Chapelle) in today’s Germany, and it was there that he doubtless came across the red ...

Byzantium, the separate empire in the east maintained a large standing army, a great central bureaucracy and a regular tax system — all things missing in the west. The Holy Roman Empire was a ...

We expect empires to have a clear and stable core inhabited by an imperial people that imposes its will on peripheral regions. But the Holy Roman Empire had no core, because it never possessed a ...

and imperial peasant republics the incredibly complex Holy Roman Empire was. It's a pre-modern political structure you can't call a state and can read a dozen books on before you start to—barely ...

The Holy Roman Empire ... kingdom of Prussia to the tiny Free Imperial City of Zell am Harmersbach, half the size of San Marino. By its maturity the empire had evolved into a “mixed monarchy ...