The maser, which is like a laser except that it operates in the microwave spectral range, can be used as a type of reliable pendulum with limited accuracy to bridge the downtime of the optical clock.

Masers, which are like lasers that operate in the microwave spectral range, can reliably keep time but have limited accuracy. "The stability of the masers -- one of the best local time scales in ...

Additionally, it significantly expands bandwidth and reduces microwave power requirements ... operation across 90 percent of ...

Researchers have addressed these limitations by integrating microwave and optical circuit ... and stable operation over 90 % of the free spectral range. Its stability and simplicity make it ...