Three-way valves direct pressurized air to the cap-end side of the cylinder ... should be considered when constructing pneumatic systems.

Most design engineers select pneumatic control valves based on performance data published by the valve manufacturer. Usually the key performance factor is how much air a particular valve can flow.

A typical commercial vehicle air braking system requires, at minimum, around a dozen core pneumatic valves to meet baseline regulatory standards. And these days, there’s no “typical” air ...