The quantum mechanical effects of the active electrons and transferring proton, as well as the motions of the proton donor-acceptor mode and solvent or protein environment, are included in a general ...

As a result, typical proton donors are relatively weak acids that react with the proton acceptor in a slower and more controlled fashion. Nature has evolved several efficient enzymes that catalyse ...

Proton transport (PT) in biological systems has been the subject of many studies, both experimental 1,2,3,4,5,6 and theoretical 7,8,9,10,11,12. A better understanding of this phenomenon is sought ...