The venous anatomy of the lower leg is made up of ... the muscle fascia in the subcutaneous tissues. The principal veins in the superficial system are the great saphenous vein (GSV) and the ...

The complex variations in venous anatomy in patients with VVs require ... and surgical or endovascular therapy. The superficial and deep veins of the lower extremity communicate via communicating ...

Before reaching the femoral vein, it collects blood from several smaller veins, including the superficial gastric, superficial circumflex iliac, and superficial pudendal. The purpose of the great ...

Varicose veins are usually caused by impaired functioning of the deep or superficial veins, and the perforator veins (short veins that link the superficial and deep venous systems in the legs).