The responses of different lung regions to such infections are varying and complex, so accurately replicating them using ...

Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death worldwide. It causes chronic lung disease and predisposes individuals to acute lung injury and pulmonary infection. Alveolar macrophages are ...

While lung sounds intensity is significantly different during inspiratory and expiratory phases, such difference is not audible between the two respiratory phases when listening to tracheal breath ...

Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) plays a central role in regulating key proinflammatory mediators. The activation of NF-κB is increased in tracheal aspirate (TA) cells from premature infants ...

Bronchitis and pneumonia are two illnesses that people often confuse because they have many overlapping symptoms. Learn more here.