This article covers the Punjab Board's 2025–2026 Class 11 Physics Syllabus. Class 11 students can download the syllabus in PDF format to become acquainted with the subjects that will be studied during ...

Abstract: To improve the navigation precision of the ground wheeled robot, implement the autonomous kinematics motion control, and overcome the yawing problem when only using an optical encoder, a ...

The Particle Swarm Gene Optimization (PSGO) method which is optimized by combining the inverse kinematics equation in the traditional Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method is proposed in this paper ...