But Bordeaux vineyard owners could ... where the whole vineyard system is certified. It includes reduction of water and fertilizer use, as well as biodiversity conservation and plant protection ...

Molly, Madison, Wisc. Dear Molly, It’s only a tiny bit complicated. There really isn’t anything else quite like the Bordeaux Classification of 1855. This 160-year-old system—requested by the Emperor ...

The system, which dates back to the 18th century and centres on an annual spring festival, offers Bordeaux’s best wines for sale before bottling via local dealers, known as négociants ...

How wine critics rate the 2023 vintage can make a difference. But nothing can disguise the increasingly creaky structure of Bordeaux’s en primeur system.