In 1547, Holy Roman Emperor Charles V penned a letter to his ambassador, Jean de Saint-Mauris, part of which was written in the ruler's secret code. Nearly five centuries later, researchers have ...

The researchers now hope to identify other letters between the emperor and his ambassador “to have a snapshot of Charles V’s strategy in Europe”, she said. “It is likely that we will make ...

French scientists have decoded a letter written in 1547 by the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V. The three-page letter uncovers secrets of the 16th century, including assassination fears. It took the ...

The Schmalkaldic War, which occurred from 1546 to 1547, was a conflict between forces allied with Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, and Maurice, Duke of Saxony, against the Lutheran Schmalkaldic ...