Suzuki offers an example from her own life ... “It’s really a direct antidote to fear conditioning, which we all experience automatically,” Suzuki says. Life will give you reasons for ...

Six days afterward, the animals were trained and tested using standard fear conditioning protocols. Those that received Osanetant showed significantly lower freezing behavior compared to controls ...

In operant conditioning, coined by B.F. Skinner, we learn through reinforcement or punishment. We avoid touching a pot of boiling water, for example, because we will burn our fingertips.

Presenting the tone without the shock can diminish this conditioned fear; this process is called extinction. Since Pavlov's original conditioning studies, a key question has been whether this ...