Physical ignition phenomena of a tree branch under a ph-to-ph fault scenario are analysed to identify stages of ignition. A methodology, based on the rate change of the RMS current and zero-crossings ...

At 11 kV rms only branch trees were found and only bush (bush-branch) trees at higher voltages, but at 9 kV rms trees of three different shapes were formed. Observation of the tree shapes at 9 kV rms ...