The Wampum was also foundational to Canada’s constitutional origins. Following the conquest of New France in 1760 and the end of the Seven Years’ War, the British needed First Nations as ...

Tododaho Sidney Hill, Haudenosaunee Leader, left, and Tony Gonyea, faith-keeper of the Onondaga Nation, reveal a replica wampum belt Wednesday made by Gonyea given to the Cayuga Museum as a ...

This virtual call to arms begins with the now almost unavoidable incantation that the University of Toronto is subject to the ” ‘Dish With One Spoon’ Wampum Belt Covenant between the ...

Each November 11, the Friends of Ganondagan. hosts a day of events rededicating the Canandaigua Treaty. We call it “polishing the chain of friendship”—a reference to the wampum belt George ...

Keith J. Williams, Umar Umangay, Suzanne Brant, Advancing Indigenous Research Sovereignty, International Indigenous Policy Journal, Vol. 11, No. 1, Special Section ...

A 200-year-old wampum belt, made in Kanehsatà:ke, Que., has spent much of its existence at the Vatican’s museums, across the ocean and thousands of kilometres away. Last year, the belt, made by ...

Martin E. Sullivan, the former director of the State Museum who presided over the landmark return of a dozen wampum belts to the Onondaga Nation 25 years ago, died last week at his home in ...

Hale exhibited an his torical belt of wampum, composed of white beads, with four black squares, which, he said, represented four towns. This belt, he said, was one hundred and sixty years old.

As Deputy Superintendent General of Indian Affairs for the British government in Upper Canada during the War of 1812, Claus presented a wampum belt to the Haudenosaunee (Six Nations/Iroquois) and ...