Some philosophers believe that creating art requires intention; for example, a sculptor will mold clay with the intention of having it look like Abraham Lincoln. And nonhuman animals, they’ll argue, ...

Kourtney Hay incorporates ephemera and objects in her layered mixed media paintings that speak to her interests and women’s issues.

Without being able to get into the heads of animals, it’s hard to say for sure. But instances of pig painters, whale crooners ...