The USGS report noted that around the world, lithium's main end use is for batteries (87%), followed by ceramics and glass (4%), lubricating greases (2%), air treatment (1%), continuous casting ...

A new reactor from Rice University is set to make the whole process easier ... chambered reactor that has a newly developed lithium-ion conductive glass ceramic (LICGC) membrane in the middle.

The cation exchange membrane acts as a barrier to chloride ions, preventing them from reaching the electrode area where they could combine to produce ... lithium-ion conductive glass ceramic ...