A 13th century fresco by the Florentine painter ... church of the Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi in Umbria, Italy, Madonna Enthroned with the Child, Four Angels and St Francis—otherwise ...

Cimabue’s Madonna Enthroned with the Child ... Madonna and child’s face—had been modified by restorers in the 19th century. In the 1970s, restorers applied a protective coating called ...

For centuries, the Italian painter Cimabue has been overshadowed ... of the gesso applied to the painting’s edges during a 19th-century conservation were lifting off the surface.