Vacuum is often thought of as empty, but in fact it is teeming with fleeting energy fluctuations—virtual photons popping in ...

As the number of particles in a physical system increases, its properties can change and different phase transitions (i.e., ...

Department of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Materials, and Bioengineering, Kansai University, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan ...