If you’ve been following the ongoing episodic summit eruption of Kīlauea volcano on the Big Island, you might have seen the ...

Essentially, gas pistoning is a shallow, degassing-driven rise and fall of a lava surface. Often these pistons occur in ...

In 2022, the eruption of the underwater Hunga volcano near Tonga sent a plume of ash soaring 37 miles into the sky, setting a ...

When the Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai volcano erupted underwater in January, it created a plume of ash and water that broke through the third layer of Earth’s atmosphere.

Within 30 minutes, volcano plumes rose into the atmosphere like a gargantuan umbrella. The eruption triggered large tsunami waves, including some that reached 45 feet, and caused four deaths.

What made this eruption special was its location and its power — it came from an underwater volcano that exploded with the force of a large nuclear weapon Jan. 13, 2022, and again Jan. 15, 2022.