Over the past decade, the U.S. military has implemented policies to promote gender equality, notably lifting the ban on women in combat roles in 2013 and opening all military jobs to women by 2016.

Heidi Peltier has been a contributing author to the Costs of War project since its inception in 2010 and joined the staff in 2019. Peltier is an economist who has written on military-related topics ...

Roberto J. González is a cultural anthropologist whose work focuses upon science, technology, and society; militarization and culture; processes of social and cultural control; and ethics in social ...

The Costs of War Project is a team of 35 scholars, legal experts, human rights practitioners, and physicians, which began its work in 2011. We use research and a public website to facilitate debate ...

Watson Institute Stone Inequality Initiative website.For roughly a century, supermarkets have dominated everyday Americans’ shopping routines. We buy medicine from their pharmacies, vegetables from ...

Guilherme Casarões is an Assistant Professor at Fundação Getulio Vargas's São Paulo School of Business. His research interests are Brazilian Foreign Policy, Populism and the Global Far-Right, Latin ...

Yet with few exceptions, the U.S. military’s significant contribution to climate change has received little attention. Although the Defense Department has significantly reduced its fossil fuel ...

The Costs of War Project is a team of 35 scholars, legal experts, human rights practitioners, and physicians, which began its work in 2011. We use research and a public website to facilitate debate ...

HUMAN COSTS The number of people killed directly in the violence of the post-9/11 wars in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, Syria, Yemen, and elsewhere are estimated here. Several times as many more have ...

People in war zones are killed in their homes, in markets, and on roadways, by bombs, bullets, fire, improvised explosive devices (IEDs), and drones. Civilians die at checkpoints, as they are run off ...

Key Findings Military Contractors and Corporate Pwer A growing portion of the Pentagon’s spending goes to large tech firms such as Microsoft, Amazon, and Alphabet (Google’s parent company). Between ...

The post-9/11 wars included many abuses of human rights and civil liberties – costs that began during the wars and continue to the present day. The U.S. government conducted detention without trial, ...